PSR also triggered CRE-promoter activity as revealed by the increased expression of luciferase reporter in transfected neurons. Furthermore, PSR significantly reduced NMDA-evoked current reversibly and activated phosphorylation of ERK and CREB with distinct time courses, with the latter’s kinetics slower. PSR prominently reduced the death of cultured neurons caused by NMDA excitotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its neuroprotective property. Statistical differences were analyzed by ANOVA or t-test. MCAO rats were either treated with PSR extract or vehicle, and their neurobehavioral deficit and cerebral infarct were evaluated. The protective effect of PSR was then studied in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Furthermore, PSR was tested for CRE promoter activation in neurons transfected with a luciferase reporter. ERK- and CREB-activation were revealed by western blot analysis. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was conducted to examine the NMDA-induced current in the presence of PSR. PSR extract or vehicle was applied to primary rat neurons to examine their survival effects against N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA)-elicited excitotoxicity. We aim to examine the neuroprotective activity of PSR in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, to better understand its therapeutic effect and to further optimize its efficacy. Based on the theory of Chinese medicine and the modern pharmacological knowledge of herbal medicines, we have designed a neuroprotective formula called Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (PSR), comprising seven herbs – Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Cassia obtusifolia L., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Historically, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat stroke.
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